A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_URI::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/URI.php

Line Number: 101

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Router::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Router.php

Line Number: 127

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Person::$benchmark is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Person::$hooks is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Person::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Person::$log is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Person::$utf8 is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Person::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Person::$exceptions is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Person::$router is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Person::$output is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Person::$security is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Person::$input is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Person::$lang is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Person::$db is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 396

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_DB_mysqli_driver::$failover is deprecated

Filename: database/DB_driver.php

Line Number: 371

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::open($save_path, $name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 132

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::close() should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::close(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 294

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::read($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 168

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::write($session_id, $session_data) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 237

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 317

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 282

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_set_cookie_params(): Session cookie parameters cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 289

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 304

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 314

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 315

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 316

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 317

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 375

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_set_save_handler(): Session save handler cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 110

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_start(): Session cannot be started after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 143

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Person::$session is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Person::$form_validation is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Person::$agent is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Person::$page_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Person::$info_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Person::$social_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Person::$radio_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Person::$media_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Person::$people_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Person.php
Line: 25
Function: model

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$load is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Person.php
Line: 32
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$benchmark is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Person.php
Line: 32
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$hooks is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Person.php
Line: 32
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Person.php
Line: 32
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$log is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Person.php
Line: 32
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$utf8 is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Person.php
Line: 32
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Person.php
Line: 32
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$exceptions is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Person.php
Line: 32
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$router is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Person.php
Line: 32
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$output is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Person.php
Line: 32
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$security is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Person.php
Line: 32
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$input is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Person.php
Line: 32
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$lang is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Person.php
Line: 32
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$db is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Person.php
Line: 32
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$session is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Person.php
Line: 32
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$form_validation is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Person.php
Line: 32
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$agent is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Person.php
Line: 32
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$page_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Person.php
Line: 32
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$info_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Person.php
Line: 32
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$social_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Person.php
Line: 32
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$radio_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Person.php
Line: 32
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$media_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Person.php
Line: 32
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$people_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Person.php
Line: 32
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

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Janna Levin

Janna Levin is an astrophysicist and writer. She has contributed to an understanding of black holes, the cosmology of extra dimensions, and gravitational waves in the shape of spacetime. She is the author of the popular-science book How the Universe Got Its Spots and a novel, A Madman Dreams of Turing Machines, which won the PEN/Bingham prize. She was named a Guggenheim Fellow in 2012. Levin is a Professor of Physics and Astronomy at Barnard College of Columbia University.

She is the creator/organizer of the panel discussion series entitled Scientific Controversies produced for Pioneer Works Center for Art and Innovation archived exclusively on Clocktower Radio.

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