A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_URI::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/URI.php

Line Number: 101

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Router::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Router.php

Line Number: 127

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Show::$benchmark is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Show::$hooks is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Show::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Show::$log is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Show::$utf8 is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Show::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Show::$exceptions is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Show::$router is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Show::$output is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Show::$security is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Show::$input is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Show::$lang is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Show::$db is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 396

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_DB_mysqli_driver::$failover is deprecated

Filename: database/DB_driver.php

Line Number: 371

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::open($save_path, $name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 132

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File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

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Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 294

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

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Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::read($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 168

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::write($session_id, $session_data) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 237

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 317

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

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Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 282

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_set_cookie_params(): Session cookie parameters cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 289

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 304

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

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Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 314

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 315

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 316

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 317

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 375

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_set_save_handler(): Session save handler cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 110

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_start(): Session cannot be started after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 143

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Show::$session is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Show::$form_validation is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Show::$agent is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Show::$page_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Show::$info_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Show::$social_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Show::$radio_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Show::$media_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$load is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Show.php
Line: 29
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$benchmark is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Show.php
Line: 29
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$hooks is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Show.php
Line: 29
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Show.php
Line: 29
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$log is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Show.php
Line: 29
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$utf8 is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Show.php
Line: 29
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Show.php
Line: 29
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$exceptions is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Show.php
Line: 29
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$router is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Show.php
Line: 29
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$output is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Show.php
Line: 29
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$security is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Show.php
Line: 29
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$input is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Show.php
Line: 29
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$lang is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Show.php
Line: 29
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$db is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Show.php
Line: 29
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$session is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Show.php
Line: 29
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$form_validation is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Show.php
Line: 29
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$agent is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Show.php
Line: 29
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$page_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Show.php
Line: 29
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$info_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Show.php
Line: 29
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$social_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Show.php
Line: 29
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$radio_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Show.php
Line: 29
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$media_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/application/controllers/Show.php
Line: 29
Function: view

File: /home/dh_t3gr4v/clocktower.org/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

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Dark Matter



Our observable universe shines with the light of hundreds of billions of galaxies, each with hundreds of billions of stars, vast clouds of gas and dust, nebula cast off in explosions — a zoo of luminous objects. And while that might sound like a lot of stuff, everything we have ever seen constitutes less than 5% of what’s out there. Nearly 25% of the universe’s content hides in an unknown form: Dark Matter. Despite decades of effort to detect dark matter, the substance eludes us.

Janna Levin, astrophysicist and writer, invites physicists Elena Aprile of Columbia and Peter Fisher of MIT to ask if we truly should look for a new fundamental constituent of nature, or could dark matter actually be microscopic black holes?

Host:

Janna Levin
Astrophysicist, Barnard/Columbia; Director of Sciences at Pioneer Works; author of Black Hole Blues and Other Songs from Outer Space.
With guests:

Elena Aprile
Physicist, Columbia University.

Peter Fisher
Physicist, MIT.
 

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